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02_SHA1算法源码分析

news 2026/6/16 15:57:56

SHA1算法源码分析

一、SHA1明文处理

1. C调用SHA1哈希方法

SHA1Context ctx;
SHA1Context* pCtx = &ctx;
SHA1Reset(pCtx);
SHA1Input(pCtx, (const uint8_t*)"Hello SHA1", strlen("Hello SHA1"));
uint8_t digst[SHA1HashSize];
SHA1Result(pCtx, digst);
for (int i = 0; i < SHA1HashSize; i++)printf("%02x", digst[i]);

2. 明文处理

SHA1的数据填充方式与MD5的一样：

在原始数据后添加一个1比特
在1比特后填充比特0，使其长度接近但不超过448位
最后使用64位二进制数表示原始数据长度，附件在末尾

填充当中与MD5唯一的区别就是：64位数据长度按照大端序存放

二、SHA1主要流程

1. SHA1Context结构体

typedef struct SHA1Context {uint32_t Intermediate_Hash[SHA1HashSize / 4]; 		// 消息摘要uint32_t Length_Low; 								// 消息字节数量：低位uint32_t Length_High; 								// 消息字节数量：高位int_least16_t Message_Block_Index;					// 指向消息块数组的索引（当前Message_Block）填到了第几个字节uint8_t Message_Block[64]; 							// 512位消息缓冲区int Computed; 										// 摘要是否已经计算完成int Corrupted; 										// 消息摘要是否损坏
} SHA1Context;

2. 初始化

int SHA1Reset(SHA1Context *context)//初始化状态
{if (!context) {return shaNull;}context->Length_Low = 0;context->Length_High = 0;context->Message_Block_Index = 0;context->Intermediate_Hash[0] = 0x67452301;// 取得的HASH结果（中间数据）context->Intermediate_Hash[1] = 0xEFCDAB89;context->Intermediate_Hash[2] = 0x98BADCFE;context->Intermediate_Hash[3] = 0x10325476;context->Intermediate_Hash[4] = 0xC3D2E1F0;context->Computed = 0;context->Corrupted = 0;return shaSuccess;
}

对比于MD5，SHA1初始化向量用了5个，其那四个与MD5一致。这个也是SHA-1的魔改点。

3. `SHA1Input`函数

int SHA1Input(SHA1Context *context, const uint8_t *message_array, unsigned length) {if (!length) {return shaSuccess;}if (!context || !message_array) {return shaNull;}if (context->Computed) {context->Corrupted = shaStateError;return shaStateError;}if (context->Corrupted) {return context->Corrupted;}while (length-- && !context->Corrupted) {context->Message_Block[context->Message_Block_Index++] =(*message_array & 0xFF);context->Length_Low += 8;if (context->Length_Low == 0) {context->Length_High++;if (context->Length_High == 0) {/* Message is too long */context->Corrupted = 1;}}if (context->Message_Block_Index == 64) {SHA1ProcessMessageBlock(context);}message_array++;}return shaSuccess;
}

使用SHA1Input函数将待加密的明文传入后，会先将明文按照512bit进行分组，然后512bit中的每字节存入MessageBox_Block当中，如果MessageBox_Block已经填满，则先进行一次SHA1的运算，之后继续遍历。

如果输入的原始数据过长，超过了\(2^{64}-1\)位的话就报错。

4. `SHA-1`运算函数

void SHA1ProcessMessageBlock(SHA1Context *context) {const uint32_t K[] = { /* Constants defined in SHA-1 */0x5A827999,0x6ED9EBA1,0x8F1BBCDC,0xCA62C1D6};int t; 					/* Loop counter */uint32_t temp; 			/* Temporary word value */uint32_t W[80]; 		/* Word sequence */uint32_t A, B, C, D, E; /* Word buffers */for (t = 0; t < 16; t++) {W[t] = context->Message_Block[t * 4] << 24;W[t] |= context->Message_Block[t * 4 + 1] << 16;W[t] |= context->Message_Block[t * 4 + 2] << 8;W[t] |= context->Message_Block[t * 4 + 3];}for (t = 16; t < 80; t++) {W[t] = SHA1CircularShift(1, W[t - 3] ^ W[t - 8] ^ W[t - 14] ^ W[t - 16]);//W[t] = W[t - 3] ^ W[t - 8] ^ W[t - 14] ^ W[t - 16];}A = context->Intermediate_Hash[0];B = context->Intermediate_Hash[1];C = context->Intermediate_Hash[2];D = context->Intermediate_Hash[3];E = context->Intermediate_Hash[4];for (t = 0; t < 20; t++) {temp = SHA1CircularShift(5, A) +((B & C) | ((~B) & D)) + E + W[t] + K[0];E = D;D = C;C = SHA1CircularShift(30, B);B = A;A = temp;}for (t = 20; t < 40; t++) {temp = SHA1CircularShift(5, A) + (B ^ C ^ D) + E + W[t] + K[1];E = D;D = C;C = SHA1CircularShift(30, B);B = A;A = temp;}for (t = 40; t < 60; t++) {temp = SHA1CircularShift(5, A) +((B & C) | (B & D) | (C & D)) + E + W[t] + K[2];E = D;D = C;C = SHA1CircularShift(30, B);B = A;A = temp;}for (t = 60; t < 80; t++) {temp = SHA1CircularShift(5, A) + (B ^ C ^ D) + E + W[t] + K[3];E = D;D = C;C = SHA1CircularShift(30, B);B = A;A = temp;}context->Intermediate_Hash[0] += A;context->Intermediate_Hash[1] += B;context->Intermediate_Hash[2] += C;context->Intermediate_Hash[3] += D;context->Intermediate_Hash[4] += E;context->Message_Block_Index = 0;
}

这个跟md5的轮函数就很相似了，只不过md5的直接将每一步用宏写出来，而这里使用的是循环。

SHA1和MD5一样，也有分组，只不过MD5的分组是M0~M15总共16个分组，而SHA1则是80个分组，W0~W15使用原始数据进行分组，后面的分组都是经过前面的分组运算之后进行循环左移1位（不进行左移就是SHA0了，有安全性问题）产生的。

通过轮函数的运算之后再和开始的初始化向量相加。

轮函数如下：

5. `SHA1Result`函数

int SHA1Result(SHA1Context *context, uint8_t Message_Digest[SHA1HashSize]) {int i;if (!context || !Message_Digest) {return shaNull;}if (context->Corrupted) {return context->Corrupted;}if (!context->Computed) {SHA1PadMessage(context);for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {/* message may be sensitive, clear it out */context->Message_Block[i] = 0;}context->Length_Low = 0; /* and clear length */context->Length_High = 0;context->Computed = 1;}for (i = 0; i < SHA1HashSize; ++i) {Message_Digest[i] = context->Intermediate_Hash[i >> 2]>> 8 * (3 - (i & 0x03));}return shaSuccess;
}

该函数会先判断SHA1是否已经计算完成，如果还未计算完成，则会先进行SHA1PadMessage，填充后计算一轮，然后再将最终的Intermediate_Hash值以大端序的格式存储到MEssage_Digest摘要当中。

SHA1PAdMessage实现如下：

void SHA1PadMessage(SHA1Context *context) {if (context->Message_Block_Index > 55) {context->Message_Block[context->Message_Block_Index++] = 0x80;while (context->Message_Block_Index < 64) {context->Message_Block[context->Message_Block_Index++] = 0;}SHA1ProcessMessageBlock(context);while (context->Message_Block_Index < 56) {context->Message_Block[context->Message_Block_Index++] = 0;}} else {context->Message_Block[context->Message_Block_Index++] = 0x80;while (context->Message_Block_Index < 56) {context->Message_Block[context->Message_Block_Index++] = 0;}}context->Message_Block[56] = context->Length_High >> 24;context->Message_Block[57] = context->Length_High >> 16;context->Message_Block[58] = context->Length_High >> 8;context->Message_Block[59] = context->Length_High;context->Message_Block[60] = context->Length_Low >> 24;context->Message_Block[61] = context->Length_Low >> 16;context->Message_Block[62] = context->Length_Low >> 8;context->Message_Block[63] = context->Length_Low;SHA1ProcessMessageBlock(context);
}

该函数开始先判断Message_Block当中是否大于55字节，如果大于则后续不够填充数据长度，则先填充0x80和一堆0，先扩充至512位，进行一次运算先。运算完成后会重现填充0，直到填满56位。

如果没有大于55字节，则先填上0x80,然后填充字节0，最后填上数据长度到末尾(这里也是大端序方式填充)，最后计算。

可以看到这个SHA1与md5大致的流程还是满相似的。

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