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PHP生成RSA密钥对及RSA签名验证类库

news 2026/5/26 19:37:23
一，PHP生成RSA密钥对 PKCS#1 或者PKCS#8
$rtype = "PKCS#8"; 	//PKCS#1;
$rlen = "1024";		//1024/2048/3072;
$config = array ('private_key_bits' 	=> $rlen,'private_key_type' 	=> OPENSSL_KEYTYPE_RSA,
);//生成密钥对
$res = openssl_pkey_new($config);
//根据类型导出私钥
if($rtype=='PKCS#8'){openssl_pkey_export($res, $private_key_pem, null, ['encrypt_key' 		=> false,'format' 			=> OPENSSL_KEYFORMAT_PKCS8, // 指定 PKCS#8'private_key_bits'	=> $rlen,]);
}else{openssl_pkey_export($res, $private_key_pem,null,['encrypt_key' 		=> false,'private_key_bits'	=> $rlen,]);	
}//获取公钥
$details = openssl_pkey_get_details($res);
$publicKey = $details['key'];echo "私钥:".$private_key_pem."\r\n";
echo "公钥:".$publicKey;私钥:
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----公钥:
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA3MpVkq5ZbXf6Lhb+jrE4
VmGzexmZSYDC64Fg0zctMwmdnIrjIY6Zj3dQyabx7E3tf7lIIZMnvNvE8gr1CMZg
JcasS/HBmwHpkPwYvuCNDwTWNuWx47tj2FsYr9Q7wezGRg/B7YcismcCTElU+ib4
wJaG766GW8zAWb8x1pXFeEdLoC4qkDMz8yunoQKHrsShzsT8tciY9t9TyBgPj4ey
ORX6dJ/YLLBngyY1mrjh/uLcPl/T1hlhb26lgDg8goilQv+EYAzYGbL/M9eUx3G+
CLknkBAOswcUkykLZW2A9nr1bOAqWr/NvjWdcs/YrXO0vsXSFK8QaboEtm2NpdN2
OQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

 



私钥:
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

公钥:
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA3MpVkq5ZbXf6Lhb+jrE4
VmGzexmZSYDC64Fg0zctMwmdnIrjIY6Zj3dQyabx7E3tf7lIIZMnvNvE8gr1CMZg
JcasS/HBmwHpkPwYvuCNDwTWNuWx47tj2FsYr9Q7wezGRg/B7YcismcCTElU+ib4
wJaG766GW8zAWb8x1pXFeEdLoC4qkDMz8yunoQKHrsShzsT8tciY9t9TyBgPj4ey
ORX6dJ/YLLBngyY1mrjh/uLcPl/T1hlhb26lgDg8goilQv+EYAzYGbL/M9eUx3G+
CLknkBAOswcUkykLZW2A9nr1bOAqWr/NvjWdcs/YrXO0vsXSFK8QaboEtm2NpdN2
OQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----


二，常用封装类库默认sha1和支持各种其它算法的加密与验证，例如sha256

<?phpclass Rsa
{/*** @var string*/public $publicKey = '';/*** @var string*/public $privateKey = '';/*** * public key*/public $_pubKey;/*** * public key*/public $_privKey;/*** @var int*/public  $RSA_ENCRYPT_BLOCK_SIZE = 117;//加密切割长度/*** @var int*/public  $RSA_DECRYPT_BLOCK_SIZE = 128;//解密切割长度/*** * the construtor,the param $path is the keys saving path* @param string $publicKey  公钥* @param string $privateKey 私钥*/public function __construct($publicKey = null, $privateKey = null){$this->setKey($publicKey, $privateKey);}/*** 设置公钥和私钥* @param string $publicKey  公钥* @param string $privateKey 私钥*/public function setKey($publicKey = null, $privateKey = null){if (!is_null($publicKey)) {$this->publicKey = $publicKey;}if (!is_null($privateKey)) {$this->privateKey = $privateKey;}}/*** * 设置私钥*/private function setupPrivKey(){if (is_resource($this->privateKey)) {return true;}$pem = chunk_split($this->privateKey, 64, "\n");$pem = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n" . $pem . "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n";$this->_privKey = openssl_pkey_get_private($pem);return true;}/*** * 设置公钥*/private function setupPubKey(){if (is_resource($this->publicKey)) {return true;}$pem = chunk_split($this->publicKey, 64, "\n");$pem = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n" . $pem . "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n";$this->_pubKey = openssl_pkey_get_public($pem);return true;}/*** * 私钥加密* @param $data* @return string|null*/public function privEncrypt($data){if (!is_string($data)) {return null;}//设置私钥$this->setupPrivKey();$result='';$data = str_split($data, $this->RSA_ENCRYPT_BLOCK_SIZE);foreach ($data as $block) {$isEncrypted=openssl_private_encrypt($block, $dataEncrypt,$this->_privKey);if (!$isEncrypted){continue ;}$result .= $dataEncrypt;}return $result ? base64_encode($result) : null;}/*** * 私钥解密* @param $encrypted* @return string|null*/public function privDecrypt($encrypted){if (!is_string($encrypted)) {return null;}$this->setupPrivKey();$encrypted = base64_decode($encrypted);$data = str_split($encrypted, $this->RSA_DECRYPT_BLOCK_SIZE);$decrypt = '';foreach ($data as $key => $chunk){$isEncrypted=openssl_private_decrypt($chunk, $encrypted, $this->_privKey);if (!$isEncrypted){continue ;}$decrypt .= $encrypted;}if ($decrypt) {return $decrypt;}return null;}/*** * 公钥加密* @param $data* @return string|null*/public function pubEncrypt($data){if (!is_string($data)) {return null;}//设置公钥$this->setupPubKey();//分割$plainData = str_split($data, $this->RSA_ENCRYPT_BLOCK_SIZE);$encrypt="";foreach ($plainData as $key => $encrypt_item){$isEncrypted=openssl_public_encrypt($encrypt_item, $encrypted,  $this->_pubKey);if (!$isEncrypted){continue ;}$encrypt .= $encrypted;}if($encrypt){return base64_encode($encrypt);}return null;}/*** * 公钥解密* @param $crypted* @return string|null*/public function pubDecrypt($crypted){if (!is_string($crypted)) {return null;}$this->setupPubKey();$decrypted = base64_decode($crypted);$data = str_split($decrypted, $this->RSA_DECRYPT_BLOCK_SIZE);$decrypt = '';foreach ($data as $key => $chunk){$isDecrypted=openssl_public_decrypt($chunk, $encrypted, $this->_pubKey);if (!$isDecrypted){continue;}$decrypt .= $encrypted;}if ($decrypt) {return $decrypt;}return null;}/*** 构造签名* @param string $dataString 被签名数据* @return string*/public function sign($dataString){$this->setupPrivKey();$signature = false;openssl_sign($dataString, $signature, $this->_privKey);return base64_encode($signature);}/*** 验证签名* @param string $dataString 被签名数据* @param string $signString 已经签名的字符串* @return number 1签名正确 0签名错误*/public function verify($dataString, $signString){$this->setupPubKey();$signature = base64_decode($signString);return openssl_verify($dataString, $signature, $this->_pubKey);}/*** 构造签名* @param string $dataString 被签名数据 指定加密算法* @param string $alg        签名算法* @return string*/public function signWithRsa($dataString, $alg='sha256'){$this->setupPrivKey();$signature = false;openssl_sign($dataString, $signature, $this->_privKey, $alg);return base64_encode($signature);}/*** 验证签名 指定加密算法* @param string $dataString 被签名数据* @param string $signString 已经签名的字符串* @param string $alg        签名算法* @return number 1签名正确 0签名错误*/public function verifyWithRsa($dataString, $signString, $alg='sha256'){$this->setupPubKey();$signature = base64_decode($signString);return openssl_verify($dataString, $signature, $this->_pubKey, $alg);}public function __destruct(){is_resource($this->_privKey) && @openssl_free_key($this->_privKey);is_resource($this->_pubKey) && @openssl_free_key($this->_pubKey);}
}

 三，基于ECC（椭圆曲线加密）比RSA更轻量，安全效率更高

image

 

<?php
// 指定使用的曲线（推荐 prime256v1，也称 secp256r1）
$config = ["private_key_type" => OPENSSL_KEYTYPE_EC,"curve_name" => "prime256v1",
];// 生成 ECC 密钥对
$res = openssl_pkey_new($config);// 导出私钥（PEM 格式）
openssl_pkey_export($res, $privKey);// 提取公钥（PEM 格式）
$pubKeyDetails = openssl_pkey_get_details($res);
$pubKey = $pubKeyDetails['key'];echo "私钥：\n$privKey\n";
echo "公钥：\n$pubKey\n";
?>

 

image

 

image

 

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