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跟我一起学“仓颉”编程语言-泛型约束

news 2026/6/8 19:24:17

一、泛型约束

泛型约束是指为类型形参添加的约束，主要通过子类型约束来实现的。

package Study func fun<T>(value: T) where T <: ToString { println(value) } main() { fun<String>("我叫钝子生") fun<Int64>(114514) }

注意：通过where表达式来约束泛型T必须是ToString的子类。

泛型接口Equaltable<T>

package Study class Square <: Equatable<Square> { Square(var length: Int64){} func getArea() { this.length ** 2 } // 面积相等 两个正方形一样 public operator func ==(square: Square) { this.getArea() == square.getArea() } // 面积不相等 两个正方形不一样 public operator func !=(square: Square) { this.getArea() != square.getArea() } } main() { let square1 = Square(4) let square2 = Square(4) let square3 = Square(5) println(square1 == square2) println(square1 == square3) println(square2 != square3) }

泛型接口Comparable<T>

package Study class Square <: Comparable<Square> { Square(var length: Int64){} func getArea() { this.length ** 2 } // 面积相等 两个正方形一样 public operator func ==(square: Square) { this.getArea() == square.getArea() } // 面积不相等 两个正方形不一样 public operator func !=(square: Square) { this.getArea() != square.getArea() } public operator func <(square: Square) { this.getArea() < square.getArea() } public operator func <=(square: Square) { this.getArea() <= square.getArea() } public operator func >(square: Square) { this.getArea() > square.getArea() } public operator func >=(square: Square) { this.getArea() >= square.getArea() } public func compare(square: Square) { if (this > square) { Ordering.GT } else if (this < square) { Ordering.LT } else { Ordering.EQ } } } main() { let square1 = Square(4) let square2 = Square(4) let square3 = Square(5) println(square1 == square2) println(square1 >= square3) println(square2 < square3) match (square1.compare(square3)) { case Ordering.GT => println("大于") case Ordering.LT => println("小于") case Ordering.EQ => println("等于") } }

二、类型别名

类型别名只能定义在全局作用域。

package Study type 短整型 = Int8 type 整型 = Int16 type 中整型 = Int32 type 长整型 = Int64 type 字符串 = String type 人类 = Person class Person { Person(var 姓名: 字符串, var 年龄: 整型){} } main() { let 男人 = 人类("钝子生", 23) println(男人.姓名) println(男人.年龄) }